Linguistic Relativity or Determinism | Weak Strong Points of Sapir Whorf Hypothesis | Lexicalization

Does language determine what we may think or what we are unable to think, this is what Linguistic Determinism. On the other hand, the Linguistic Relativity point of view is that language somehow may effect on our thought but we may create and manipulate language; therefore, we are able to add new expressions. If thought is totally determined by language then language change would have been impossible.
Here is the detail of the lecture, reference for this is, Yule, G. (2017) The Study of Language (6th edition) Cambridge University Press
Linguistic Relativity:
The idea that, to some extent, we think about the world using categories provided by our language. The examples about colours, kinship terms and time concepts we discussed in last lecture are used as evidence that we have different ways of looking at the external reality.
It seems that the structure of our language, with its predetermined categories, must have an influence on how we perceive the world.
Linguistic Determinism:
The idea that we can only think in the categories provided by our language.
If language does indeed determine thought, then we will only be able to think in the categories provided by our language. For example, English speakers use only one word for ‘snow’ and describes all that white stuff as one thing, but Eskimos look out at this white stuff as many different things because they have a lot of words for snow. Such type of analysis about the relationship between language and culture dates back to eighteenth century. Let’s discuss this.
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis:
The general idea that differences in language structure cause people to view the world differently, from the names of two American linguists, Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf.
Sapir and Worf studied Hopi language and stated that they viewed the world differently from other European languages. We have already discussed time concepts in last lecture.
According to Whorf they view the word differently, in contrast to other tribes, because their language makes them to do so.
Against the Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis:
It is important to remember that Edward Sapir and Benjamin did not write any book or article advocating this hypothesis. There is also some doubt that the theoretical point of view attributed to them was as deterministic as others have argued. Nevertheless, a number of arguments have been presented against the linguistic thinking that was involved.
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